The Phase Parachute

Image credit: NASA / JPL Paper v6.5 https://zenodo.org/records/20958269 Expansion Freedom Theory · Two Perspectives Newton Saw Gravity. Hubble Saw Expansion. They Were Looking at the Same Equation. Why the universe appears to pull things together from one vantage point — and push them apart from another — and why both appearances are correct. JongJin Ma  ·  2026  ·  phase-parachute.blogspot.com For four hundred years, gravity and cosmic expansion have been treated as separate phenomena. Newton described gravity as an attractive force between masses. Hubble described expansion as space stretching between galaxies. The two pictures seemed to belong to different scales of the universe — gravity governs planets and stars; expansion governs the cosmos. They were both looking at the same equation, at different distances. Near a mass, one term dominates and the other van...

Image credit: NASA /JSC Paper v6.4 https://zenodo.org/records/20815211 Expansion Freedom Theory · Mercury Why Mercury Never Quite Comes Back A small mystery that stumped physicists for 56 years — and what it reveals about the nature of space itself. JongJin Ma  ·  2026  ·  phase-parachute.blogspot.com Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun. It completes one orbit every 88 days. And every time it returns to the point in its orbit closest to the Sun — a point called the perihelion — it arrives at a slightly different place than before. Not by much. About 43 arcseconds per century. To put that in perspective: it takes roughly 8,400 years for the perihelion to drift by a single degree. You would never notice it in a lifetime of watching. But physicists noticed. And for 56 years — from 1859 to 1915 — nobody could explain it. Then Einstein's General Relativity predict...

Image credit: NASA / JSC [Photographer:Reid Wiseman] Paper v6.4 https://zenodo.org/records/20815211 Gravitational Flux Transport Networks · v6.4 Gravity Without a Force: Conservation of Expansion Freedom and the Impossibility of Singularities What if every orbit, every free fall, every spinning neutron star, and every black hole follows from a single sentence — and singularities are simply impossible by the same logic? JongJin Ma  ·  June 23, 2026  ·  Expansion Freedom Theory series The International Space Station orbits Earth at 7.9 km/s. Astronauts inside feel nothing — no weight, no push, no pull. Now imagine a merry-go-round the size of Earth, spinning at the same speed. A rider on its rim would be crushed by a centripetal force five times stronger than surface gravity. Same speed. Same circular path. Entirely different physics. Understanding why is the entry point int...

Where Mass Is, Time Slows — and Now We Know Why Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech (Millions of galaxies populate the patch of sky known as the COSMOS field, short for Cosmic Evolution Survey) Where Mass Is, Time Slows — and Now We Know Why Five results that Newton and General Relativity never explained, derived from a single sentence. Expansion Freedom Principle, v6.3 — June 2026  |  Full paper (Zenodo) Einstein told us that clocks run slower near a massive object. GPS satellites have to correct for this every day — without the correction, your navigation would drift by kilometres within hours. The mathematics of General Relativity predicts the effect precisely. But GR does not explain, in plain physical terms, why mass slows time. This post presents a derivation of gravitational time dilation — and four other results — from the single principle introduced in the earlier posts in this series: Everything seeks to expand as ...

The Universe Has No Edges, But Gravity Does The Universe Has No Edges, But Gravity Does How a single equation explains why dark matter disappears at galaxy centres, why the Hubble constant depends on which direction you look, and why Newton's gravity was always missing a boundary. Expansion Freedom Principle, v6.2 — June 2026 In the last two posts on this blog, I argued that gravity is not a force that pulls things together. Instead, everything in the universe — space, voids, and matter — is expanding, and matter simply expands a little more slowly than the space around it. What we call "gravity" is just that lag, viewed from the present moment. This post covers four new results that came out of pushing that idea further. Each one answers a question that the previous version (v6.1) left open. 1. Dark matter was a shape problem, not a missing-mass problem Newton's law of gravity assumes that gravitational influence spreads out evenly in all dir...