The Phase Parachute

Image credit: NASA / JPL Expansion Freedom Theory https://zenodo.org/records/21199818 Gravitational Flux Transport Networks · Expansion Freedom Theory Why Did the Spiral Arms of Galaxies Form? Every stable orbit has a ceiling — and it's lower than the point where orbits stop existing altogether. That instability boundary, not some mysterious force, is where the spiral begins. JongJin Ma  ·  July 2026  ·  Expansion Freedom Theory series Our own solar system almost certainly had spiral arms once. In the early, crowded disk of gas and debris around the young Sun, countless small bodies moved on paths that were not yet clean ellipses — some drifted inward and were consumed, some were flung outward and lost, and a very particular subset survived: the ones whose speed happened to match a stable orbit at their distance. What we call "the solar system" today is really the surviving pop...

This infrared image, from NASA Spitzer Space Telescope, of M100 is a classic example of a grand design spiral galaxy, with prominent and well-defined spiral arms winding from the hot center, out to the cooler edges of the galaxy. Picture From NASA/JPL Paper v6.6 zenodo.org/records/21199818 — Not Just Mass: Expanding Space Also Curves Light and Drives Orbital Motion Expansion Freedom Theory · v6.6 Not Just Mass: Expanding Space Also Curves Light Why dark matter appears at large scales, why spiral arms wind the wrong way for a trailing structure, and why the standard rotation-curve measurement has a systematic problem — all from one principle. JongJin Ma · July 2026 · phase-parachute.blogspot.com Central Claim Expanding space (H²r) curves light and contributes to orbital speeds — not mass alone. Anything that expands toward a passing body curves its path. Mass expa...